5 Myths About GLP-1s
GLP-1 agonists — a class of medications initially developed to manage type 2 diabetes — have gained attention for their effectiveness in glucose regulation and weight loss. However, their rise in popularity, particularly with the approval of drugs like semaglutide under brand names such as Ozempic® and Wegovy®, has also led to many misconceptions.
Several myths have emerged, from social media buzz and misinterpretations of clinical studies, leaving many people uncertain about the facts. Here, we’ll discuss five of the most common myths surrounding GLP-1 agonists and clarify what these medications can and can’t do.
What Is GLP-1?
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone naturally produced in the gut in response to food intake. It regulates blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying. [1] GLP-1 also helps to reduce appetite, making it an essential factor in weight management. [2]
What Are GLP-1 Agonists?
GLP-1 agonists are a class of medications that mimic the effects of this GLP-1 hormone.
They were developed to exploit the hormone benefits for therapeutic purposes, particularly in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. They may come in different forms, including weight loss injections and pills.
How Do GLP-1 Agonists Work?
In the same way as the GLP hormone. When you eat, GLP-1 is released in the gut and signals the pancreas to produce more insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels. Simultaneously, it reduces the release of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. This dual action helps to maintain a balanced blood sugar level, particularly after meals. Aside from that, GLP-1 agonists slow down the rate at which the stomach empties. It does this by controlling appetite and promoting a feeling of fullness, which aids in weight loss.
5 Common Myths Surrounding GLP-1 Agonists
Myth 1: GLP-1 agonists are new
GLP-1 agonists may seem like a recent trend, especially with the surge in media coverage and social media discussions. However, the first GLP-1 agonist, exenatide (Byetta), was approved by the FDA in 2005 for treating type 2 diabetes. [3] Since then, additional medications in this class have been approved for diabetes and obesity management.
Some of these include:
- Liraglutide (Victoza®) has been approved for managing type 2 diabetes since 2010, with its alternative formulation, Saxenda®, gaining approval in 2014 for chronic weight management. [4,5]
- Compounded semaglutide includes Ozempic® and Rybelsus®, approved in 2017 and 2019 respectively, primarily for type 2 diabetes. Wegovy®, approved in 2021, is dedicated to weight management. [6]
- Dulaglutide (Trulicity®), approved in 2014, enhances glycemic control. [7]
- Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®), a more recent addition, was approved in 2022 for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. [8]
GLP-1 agonists have a well-established medical history, with some in use for nearly two decades. Given their long track record of efficacy, it would be misleading to conclude that GLP-1 agonists are new.
Myth 2: GLP-1 agonists aren't safe
While all medications have potential risks, GLP-1 agonists are generally considered safe when prescribed. The most common GLP-1 side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which typically occur as the body adjusts to the medication. [9]
More severe side effects, such as pancreatitis and medullary thyroid cancer, have been subjects of concern. [10] However, studies have shown that these risks are relatively rare and often outweighed by the benefits of the compounded medication, particularly in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes. It’s important to use these medications under the supervision of a healthcare provider to ensure safety.
Myth 3: GLP-1 agonists are only for diabetes
Initially developed for treating type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 agonists have since been recognized for their effectiveness in managing obesity. The FDA has approved specific GLP-1 agonists, such as liraglutide (Saxenda®) and semaglutide (Wegovy®), for weight loss in individuals with obesity and weight-related health issues.
These medications work by mimicking the effects of the GLP-1 hormone, which helps regulate appetite and food intake. Thus, they are effective tools in obesity management plans.
Myth 4: GLP-1 agonists are a quick fix
It’s easy to see why some might view GLP-1 agonists as a quick fix for weight loss, especially given the results some users experience. However, these medications are not magic bullets. They are most effective when used as part of a broader treatment plan that includes diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes.
For instance, a study in the New England Journal of Medicine highlighted that semaglutide led to sustained weight loss over 68 weeks, emphasizing the importance of ongoing treatment and lifestyle adherence.
Myth 5: GLP-1 agonists will make you sick
Some people worry that GLP-1 agonists will inevitably cause them to feel unwell due to the gastrointestinal side effects that are common when starting the medication. While nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can occur, these symptoms usually subside as the body adapts to the drug.
The key to minimizing these side effects is to start with a low dose and gradually increase it, as a healthcare provider recommends. Most patients tolerate the medication well over time, and the benefits, such as improved glucose control and weight loss, often far outweigh these initial discomforts.
Weight Care+ Program With Everlywell
There are GLP-1 agonists that have been recognized as potent weight loss medications and others specifically designed to manage type 2 diabetes. While it's not uncommon for myths to spread, the facts have consistently shown that these drugs are effective when used appropriately. As with any medication, it's crucial to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider, who can help determine which GLP-1 agonist is right for you.
Consider enrolling in our weight care program at Everlywell. This program provides the right prescription for your weight loss goals, access to GLP-1 insurance and prescription concierge, and regular check-ins with licensed clinicians.
References
- Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiological Reviews. 2007;87(4):1409-1439. Medical Citation URL.
- Dailey MJ, Moran TH. Glucagon-like peptide 1 and appetite. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2013;24(2):85-91. Medical Citation URL.
- Drucker DJ. The GLP-1 journey: from discovery science to therapeutic impact. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2024;134(2). Medical Citation URL
- FDA approves new treatment for pediatric patients with type 2. Food and Drug Administration. Medical Citation URL
- FDA approves weight management drug for patients aged 12 and older. Food and Drug Administration. Medical Citation URL
- Medications Containing Semaglutide Marketed for Type 2 Diabetes or Weight Loss. Food and Drug Administration. Medical Citation URL
- Smith LL, Mosley JF II, Parke C, Brown J, Barris LS, Phan LD. Dulaglutide (Trulicity): the third Once-Weekly GLP-1 agonist. PubMed Central (PMC). Published June 1, 2016. Medical Citation URL
- FDA Approves New Medication for Chronic Weight Management. Food and Drug Administration. Medical Citation URL
- Collins L, Costello RA. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. Published February 29, 2024. Medical Citation URL
- Silverii GA, Monami M, Gallo M, et al. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism. 2023;26(3):891-900. Medical Citation URL